Venus avkomma
Atmosphere of Venus - Wikipedia
Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is a terrestrial planet and is the closest in mass and size to its orbital neighbour Earth. Venus has by far the densest atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, composed mostly of carbon dioxide with a venus avkomma, global sulfuric acid cloud cover. At the surface it has a mean temperature of K °C; °F and a pressure of 92 times that of Earth's at sea level.
These extreme conditions compress carbon dioxide into a supercritical state at Venus's surface. Internally, Venus has a coremantleand crust.
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Venus lacks an internal dynamo, and its weakly induced magnetosphere is caused by atmospheric interactions with the solar wind. Internal heat escapes through active volcanism[ 21 ] [ 22 ] resulting in resurfacing instead of plate tectonics. Venus is one of two venuses avkomma in the Solar Systemthe other being Mercurythat have no moons. Venus may have had venus avkomma surface water early in its history with a habitable environment[ 24 ] [ 25 ] before a runaway greenhouse effect evaporated any water and turned Venus into its present state.
The rotation of Venus has been slowed and turned against its orbital direction retrograde by the currents and drag of its atmosphere. The orbits of Venus and Earth are the closest between any two Solar System planets, approaching each other in synodic periods of 1. Venus and Earth have the lowest difference in gravitational potential of any pair of Solar System planets.
This allows Venus to be the most accessible destination and a useful gravity assist waypoint for interplanetary flights from Earth.
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Venus figures prominently in human culture and in the history of astronomy. Orbiting inferiorly inside of Earth's orbitit always appears close to the Sun in Earth's sky, as either a "morning star" or an "evening star". While this is also true for MercuryVenus appears more prominent, since it is the third brightest object in Earth's sky after the Moon and the Sun.
These probes demonstrated the extreme surface conditions, an insight that has informed predictions about global venus avkomma on Earth. Venus is one of the four terrestrial planets in the Solar System, meaning that it is a rocky body like Earth. It is similar to Earth in size and mass and is often described as Earth's "sister" or "twin".
Conditions on the Venusian surface differ radically from those on Earth because its dense atmosphere is The Venusian surface was a subject of speculation until some of its secrets were revealed by planetary science in the 20th century. Venera landers in and returned images of a surface covered in sediment and relatively angular rocks. The ground shows evidence of extensive volcanism, and the sulphur in the atmosphere may indicate that there have been recent eruptions.
The northern continent is called Ishtar Terra after Ishtarthe Babylonian goddess of venus avkomma, and is about the venus avkomma of Australia. Maxwell Montesthe highest mountain on Venus, lies on Ishtar Terra. Its peak is 11 km 7 mi above the Venusian average surface elevation. A network of fractures and faults covers much of this area.
There is recent evidence of lava flow on Venus[ 42 ] such as flows on Sif Mons, a shield volcano, and on Niobe Planitia, a flat plain. The planet has few impact cratersdemonstrating that the surface is relatively young, at — million years old. Among these are flat-topped volcanic features called " farra ", which look somewhat like pancakes and range in size from 20 to 50 km 12 to 31 mi across, and from to 1, m to 3, ft high; radial, star-like fracture systems called "novae"; features with both radial and concentric fractures resembling spider webs, known as " arachnoids "; and "coronae", circular rings of fractures sometimes surrounded by a depression.
These features are volcanic in origin. Most Venusian surface features are named after historical and mythological women. The last three features were named before the current system was adopted by the International Astronomical Unionthe body which oversees planetary nomenclature. The longitude of physical features on Venus is expressed relative to its prime meridian.
The original prime meridian passed through the radar-bright spot at the centre of the oval feature Eve, located south of Alpha Regio. The stratigraphically oldest tessera terrains have consistently lower thermal emissivity than the surrounding basaltic plains measured by Venus Express and Magellanindicating a different, possibly a more felsicmineral assemblage.
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Studies reported on 26 October suggest for the first time that Venus may have had plate tectonics during ancient times and, as a result, may have had a more habitable environmentpossibly one capable of sustaining life. Much of the Venusian surface appears to have been shaped by volcanic activity. Venus has venus avkomma times as many volcanoes as Earth, and it has large volcanoes that are over km 60 mi across.
The only volcanic complex of this size on Earth is the Big Island of Hawaii. Earth's oceanic crust is continually recycled by subduction at the boundaries of tectonic plates, and has an average age of about million years, [ 57 ] whereas the Venusian surface is estimated to be — million years old. Several lines of evidence point to ongoing volcanic activity on Venus.